C++ - 使用Websocket++编写客户端连接WebSocket服务器并进行通信

1 库依赖

使用Websocket++有两种方案：

Websocket++ + boost，主要是使用Boost Asio，这种方案比较重依赖，需要链接Boost
Websocket++ + 独立Asio库，这种方案比较轻量，Websocket++和独立Asio都只需要使用头文件即可，具体的配置方案可参考我这篇文章：C++ – websocket++不依赖boost，基于独立Asio编译方法

推荐使用第二种方案，比较轻量，跨平台编译也比较方便。

2 根据官方示例代码修改封装的WebsocketClient类

2.1 WebsocketClient代码

WebsocketClient.h

#ifndef WEBSOCKET_CLIENT_H
#define WEBSOCKET_CLIENT_H

// 不包含TLS Client
#include <websocketpp/config/asio_no_tls_client.hpp>
#include <websocketpp/client.hpp>

// 包含TLS Client
// #include <websocketpp/config/asio_client.hpp>
// #include <websocketpp/client.hpp>

#include <websocketpp/common/thread.hpp>
#include <websocketpp/common/memory.hpp>


#include <string>
#include <locale>
#include <codecvt>

typedef websocketpp::client<websocketpp::config::asio_client> client;

static std::wstring string_to_wstring(const std::string &s)
{
    using default_convert = std::codecvt<wchar_t, char, std::mbstate_t>;
    static std::wstring_convert<default_convert>conv(new default_convert("CHS"));
    return conv.from_bytes(s);
}
static std::string wstring_to_string(const std::wstring &s)
{
    using default_convert = std::codecvt<wchar_t, char, std::mbstate_t>;
    static std::wstring_convert<default_convert>conv(new default_convert("CHS"));
    return conv.to_bytes(s);
}
static std::string ansi_to_utf8(const std::string &s)
{
    static std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t> > conv;
    return conv.to_bytes(string_to_wstring(s));
}
static std::string utf8_to_ansi(const std::string& s)
{
    static std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t> > conv;
    return wstring_to_string(conv.from_bytes(s));
}


// 保存一个连接的metadata
class connection_metadata {
public:
    typedef websocketpp::lib::shared_ptr<connection_metadata> ptr;

    connection_metadata(websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl, std::string url)
        : m_Hdl(hdl)
        , m_Status("Connecting")
        , m_Url(url)
        , m_Server("N/A")
    {}

    void on_open(client * c, websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl) 
    {
        m_Status = "Open";

        client::connection_ptr con = c->get_con_from_hdl(hdl);
        m_Server = con->get_response_header("Server");
    }

    void on_fail(client * c, websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl)
    {
        m_Status = "Failed";

        client::connection_ptr con = c->get_con_from_hdl(hdl);
        m_Server = con->get_response_header("Server");
        m_Error_reason = con->get_ec().message();
    }

    void on_close(client * c, websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl)
    {
        m_Status = "Closed";
        client::connection_ptr con = c->get_con_from_hdl(hdl);
        std::stringstream s;
        s << "close code: " << con->get_remote_close_code() << " ("
            << websocketpp::close::status::get_string(con->get_remote_close_code())
            << "), close reason: " << con->get_remote_close_reason();
        m_Error_reason = s.str();
    }

    void on_message(websocketpp::connection_hdl, client::message_ptr msg)
    {
        if (msg->get_opcode() == websocketpp::frame::opcode::text) 
        {
            std::string message = utf8_to_ansi(msg->get_payload());
            std::cout << "收到来自服务器的消息：" << message << std::endl;
        }
        else 
        {
            std::string message = websocketpp::utility::to_hex(msg->get_payload());
        }
    }

    websocketpp::connection_hdl get_hdl() const
    {
        return m_Hdl;
    }

    std::string get_status() const
    {
        return m_Status;
    }
private:
    websocketpp::connection_hdl m_Hdl;  // websocketpp表示连接的编号
    std::string m_Status;               // 连接自动状态
    std::string m_Url;                  // 连接的URI
    std::string m_Server;               // 服务器信息
    std::string m_Error_reason;         // 错误原因
};


class WebsocketClient
{
public:
    WebsocketClient();
    virtual~WebsocketClient();

public:
    bool Connect(std::string const & url);
    bool Close(std::string reason = "");
    bool Send(std::string message);

    connection_metadata::ptr GetConnectionMetadataPtr();

private:
    connection_metadata::ptr m_ConnectionMetadataPtr;
    client m_WebsocketClient;
    websocketpp::lib::shared_ptr<websocketpp::lib::thread> m_Thread; // 线程
};


#endif // !WEBSOCKET_ENDPOINT_H

WebsocketClient.cpp

#include "WebsocketClient.h"

WebsocketClient::WebsocketClient()
{
    m_WebsocketClient.clear_access_channels(websocketpp::log::alevel::all);  // 开启全部接入日志级别
    m_WebsocketClient.clear_error_channels(websocketpp::log::elevel::all);   // 开启全部错误日志级别

    m_WebsocketClient.init_asio();       // 初始化asio
    m_WebsocketClient.start_perpetual(); // 避免请求为空时退出，实际上，也是避免asio退出

    // 独立运行client::run()的线程，主要是避免阻塞
    m_Thread = websocketpp::lib::make_shared<websocketpp::lib::thread>(&client::run, &m_WebsocketClient);
}

WebsocketClient::~WebsocketClient()
{
    m_WebsocketClient.stop_perpetual();

    if (m_ConnectionMetadataPtr != nullptr && m_ConnectionMetadataPtr->get_status() == "Open")
    {
        websocketpp::lib::error_code ec;
        m_WebsocketClient.close(m_ConnectionMetadataPtr->get_hdl(), websocketpp::close::status::going_away, "", ec); // 关闭连接

        if (ec) {
            std::cout << "> Error initiating close: " << ec.message() << std::endl;
        }
    }

    m_Thread->join();
}

bool WebsocketClient::Connect(std::string const & url)
{
    websocketpp::lib::error_code ec;

    // 创建connect的共享指针，注意，此时创建并没有实际建立
    client::connection_ptr con = m_WebsocketClient.get_connection(url, ec);  

    if (ec) {
        std::cout << "> Connect initialization error: " << ec.message() << std::endl;
        return false;
    }

    // 创建连接的metadata信息，并保存
    connection_metadata::ptr metadata_ptr = websocketpp::lib::make_shared<connection_metadata>(con->get_handle(), url);
    m_ConnectionMetadataPtr = metadata_ptr;

    // 注册连接打开的Handler
    con->set_open_handler(websocketpp::lib::bind(
        &connection_metadata::on_open,
        metadata_ptr,
        &m_WebsocketClient,
        websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_1
    ));

    // 注册连接失败的Handler
    con->set_fail_handler(websocketpp::lib::bind(
        &connection_metadata::on_fail,
        metadata_ptr,
        &m_WebsocketClient,
        websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_1
    ));

    // 注册连接关闭的Handler
    con->set_close_handler(websocketpp::lib::bind(
        &connection_metadata::on_close,
        metadata_ptr,
        &m_WebsocketClient,
        websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_1
    ));

    // 注册连接接收消息的Handler
    con->set_message_handler(websocketpp::lib::bind(
        &connection_metadata::on_message,
        metadata_ptr,
        websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_1,
        websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_2
    ));

    // 进行连接
    m_WebsocketClient.connect(con);

    std::cout << "Websocket连接成功" << std::endl;

    return true;
}

bool WebsocketClient::Close(std::string reason)
{
    websocketpp::lib::error_code ec;

    if (m_ConnectionMetadataPtr != nullptr)
    {
        int close_code = websocketpp::close::status::normal;
        // 关闭连接
        m_WebsocketClient.close(m_ConnectionMetadataPtr->get_hdl(), close_code, reason, ec);
        if (ec) {
            std::cout << "> Error initiating close: " << ec.message() << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
        std::cout << "关闭Websocket连接成功" << std::endl;
    }

    return true;
}

bool WebsocketClient::Send(std::string message)
{
    websocketpp::lib::error_code ec;

    if (m_ConnectionMetadataPtr != nullptr)
    {
        // 连接发送数据
        m_WebsocketClient.send(m_ConnectionMetadataPtr->get_hdl(), ansi_to_utf8(message), websocketpp::frame::opcode::text, ec);
        if (ec) {
            std::cout << "> Error sending message: " << ec.message() << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
        std::cout << "发送数据成功" << std::endl;
    }

    return true;
}

connection_metadata::ptr WebsocketClient::GetConnectionMetadataPtr()
{
    return m_ConnectionMetadataPtr;
}

2.2 WebsocketClient类使用代码

#include "WebsocketClient.h"


int main() {
    bool done = false;
    std::string input;
    WebsocketClient endpoint;

    while (!done) {
        std::cout << "Enter Command: ";
        std::getline(std::cin, input);

        if (input == "quit") {
            done = true;
        }
        else if (input == "help") {
            std::cout
                << "\nCommand List:\n"
                << "connect <ws uri>\n"
                << "send <message>\n"
                << "close [<close code:default=1000>] [<close reason>]\n"
                << "help: Display this help text\n"
                << "quit: Exit the program\n"
                << std::endl;
        }
        else if (input.substr(0, 7) == "connect") {
            endpoint.Connect(input.substr(8));
        }
        else if (input.substr(0, 4) == "send") {
            std::stringstream ss(input);

            std::string cmd;
            int id;
            std::string message;

            ss >> cmd;
            std::getline(ss, message);

            endpoint.Send(message);
        }
        else if (input.substr(0, 5) == "close") {
            std::stringstream ss(input);

            std::string cmd;
            std::string reason;

            ss >> cmd ;
            std::getline(ss, reason);

            endpoint.Close(reason);
        }
        else if (input.substr(0, 4) == "quit") {
            done = true;
        }
        else {
            std::cout << "> Unrecognized Command" << std::endl;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

3 Websocket++官方编写客户端示例教程

可参考链接：https://docs.websocketpp.org/md_tutorials_utility_client_utility_client.html

也可在Websocket++的文件夹\tutorials\utility_client找到该示例！
或者在Websocket++的文件夹\example\scratch_client找到该示例！

4 与Websocket++官方示例客户端的不同

增加ansi与utf-8编码转换，中文字符不再乱码
不适用官方使用id管理多个链接方式，这里认为的客户端只有一个长连接，而WebsocketClient只维护一个长连接即可

2020年9月16日更新：修改WebsocketClient类

修改信息
- 将open，close，message等回调函数移动到WebsocketClient内部
- 新增设置回调函数的公共接口

WebsocketClient.h

#ifndef WEBSOCKET_CLIENT_H
#define WEBSOCKET_CLIENT_H

// 不包含TLS Client
#include <websocketpp/config/asio_no_tls_client.hpp>
#include <websocketpp/client.hpp>

// 包含TLS Client
// #include <websocketpp/config/asio_client.hpp>
// #include <websocketpp/client.hpp>

#include <websocketpp/common/thread.hpp>
#include <websocketpp/common/memory.hpp>


#include <string>
#include <locale>
#include <codecvt>

typedef websocketpp::client<websocketpp::config::asio_client> client;

static std::wstring string_to_wstring(const std::string &s)
{
    using default_convert = std::codecvt<wchar_t, char, std::mbstate_t>;
    static std::wstring_convert<default_convert>conv(new default_convert("CHS"));
    return conv.from_bytes(s);
}
static std::string wstring_to_string(const std::wstring &s)
{
    using default_convert = std::codecvt<wchar_t, char, std::mbstate_t>;
    static std::wstring_convert<default_convert>conv(new default_convert("CHS"));
    return conv.to_bytes(s);
}
static std::string ansi_to_utf8(const std::string &s)
{
    static std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t> > conv;
    return conv.to_bytes(string_to_wstring(s));
}
static std::string utf8_to_ansi(const std::string& s)
{
    static std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t> > conv;
    return wstring_to_string(conv.from_bytes(s));
}

typedef std::function<void()> OnOpenFunc;
typedef std::function<void()> OnFailFunc;
typedef std::function<void()> OnCloseFunc;
typedef std::function<void(const std::string& message)> OnMessageFunc;

class WebsocketClient 
{
public:
    WebsocketClient();
    virtual~WebsocketClient();

public:
    bool Connect(std::string const & url);
    bool Close(std::string reason = "");
    bool Send(std::string message);

    connection_metadata::ptr GetConnectionMetadataPtr();

    void OnOpen(client * c, websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl);
    void OnFail(client * c, websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl);
    void OnClose(client * c, websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl);
    void OnMessage(websocketpp::connection_hdl, client::message_ptr msg);


    void SetOnOpenFunc(OnOpenFunc func);
    void SetOnFailFunc(OnFailFunc func);
    void SetOnCloseFunc(OnCloseFunc func);
    void SetMessageFunc(OnMessageFunc func);
private:
    connection_metadata::ptr m_ConnectionMetadataPtr;
    client m_WebsocketClient;
    websocketpp::lib::shared_ptr<websocketpp::lib::thread> m_Thread; // 线程

    OnOpenFunc m_OnOpenFunc;
    OnFailFunc m_OnFailFunc;
    OnCloseFunc m_OnCloseFunc;
    OnMessageFunc m_MessageFunc;
};
#endif // !WEBSOCKET_ENDPOINT_H

WebsocketClient.cpp

#include "WebsocketClient.h"

WebsocketClient::WebsocketClient()
{
    m_WebsocketClient.clear_access_channels(websocketpp::log::alevel::all);  // 开启全部接入日志级别
    m_WebsocketClient.clear_error_channels(websocketpp::log::elevel::all);   // 开启全部错误日志级别

    m_WebsocketClient.init_asio();       // 初始化asio
    m_WebsocketClient.start_perpetual(); // 避免请求为空时退出，实际上，也是避免asio退出

    // 独立运行client::run()的线程，主要是避免阻塞
    m_Thread = websocketpp::lib::make_shared<websocketpp::lib::thread>(&client::run, &m_WebsocketClient);

    m_OnOpenFunc = nullptr;
    m_OnFailFunc = nullptr;
    m_OnCloseFunc = nullptr;
    m_MessageFunc = nullptr;
}

WebsocketClient::~WebsocketClient()
{
    m_WebsocketClient.stop_perpetual();

    if (m_ConnectionMetadataPtr != nullptr && m_ConnectionMetadataPtr->get_status() == "Open")
    {
        websocketpp::lib::error_code ec;
        m_WebsocketClient.close(m_ConnectionMetadataPtr->get_hdl(), websocketpp::close::status::going_away, "", ec); // 关闭连接

        if (ec) {
            std::cout << "> Error initiating close: " << ec.message() << std::endl;
        }
    }

    m_Thread->join();
}

bool WebsocketClient::Connect(std::string const & url)
{
    websocketpp::lib::error_code ec;

    // 创建connect的共享指针，注意，此时创建并没有实际建立
    client::connection_ptr con = m_WebsocketClient.get_connection(url, ec);  

    if (ec) {
        std::cout << "> Connect initialization error: " << ec.message() << std::endl;
        return false;
    }

    // 创建连接的metadata信息，并保存
    connection_metadata::ptr metadata_ptr = websocketpp::lib::make_shared<connection_metadata>(con->get_handle(), url);
    m_ConnectionMetadataPtr = metadata_ptr;

    // 注册连接打开的Handler
    //con->set_open_handler(websocketpp::lib::bind(
    //  &connection_metadata::on_open,
    //  metadata_ptr,
    //  &m_WebsocketClient,
    //  websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_1
    //));
    con->set_open_handler(websocketpp::lib::bind(
        &WebsocketClient::OnOpen,
        this,
        &m_WebsocketClient,
        websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_1
    ));

    // 注册连接失败的Handler
    //con->set_fail_handler(websocketpp::lib::bind(
    //  &connection_metadata::on_fail,
    //  metadata_ptr,
    //  &m_WebsocketClient,
    //  websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_1
    //));
    con->set_fail_handler(websocketpp::lib::bind(
        &WebsocketClient::OnFail,
        this,
        &m_WebsocketClient,
        websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_1
    ));

    // 注册连接关闭的Handler
    //con->set_close_handler(websocketpp::lib::bind(
    //  &connection_metadata::on_close,
    //  metadata_ptr,
    //  &m_WebsocketClient,
    //  websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_1
    //));
    con->set_close_handler(websocketpp::lib::bind(
        &WebsocketClient::OnClose,
        this,
        &m_WebsocketClient,
        websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_1
    ));

    // 注册连接接收消息的Handler
    //con->set_message_handler(websocketpp::lib::bind(
    //  &connection_metadata::on_message,
    //  metadata_ptr,
    //  websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_1,
    //  websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_2
    //));
    con->set_message_handler(websocketpp::lib::bind(
        &WebsocketClient::OnMessage,
        this,
        websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_1,
        websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_2
    ));

    // 进行连接
    m_WebsocketClient.connect(con);

    std::cout << "Websocket连接成功" << std::endl;

    // 注意，不能在Websocket连接完成之后马上就发送消息，不然会出现Invalid State的错误，
    // 导致消息发送不成功，所以在连接成功之后，主线程休眠1秒
    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1000));

    return true;
}

bool WebsocketClient::Close(std::string reason)
{
    websocketpp::lib::error_code ec;

    if (m_ConnectionMetadataPtr != nullptr)
    {
        int close_code = websocketpp::close::status::normal;
        // 关闭连接
        m_WebsocketClient.close(m_ConnectionMetadataPtr->get_hdl(), close_code, reason, ec);
        if (ec) {
            std::cout << "> Error initiating close: " << ec.message() << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
        std::cout << "关闭Websocket连接成功" << std::endl;
    }

    return true;
}

bool WebsocketClient::Send(std::string message)
{
    websocketpp::lib::error_code ec;

    if (m_ConnectionMetadataPtr != nullptr)
    {
        // 连接发送数据
        m_WebsocketClient.send(m_ConnectionMetadataPtr->get_hdl(),ansi_to_utf8(message), websocketpp::frame::opcode::text, ec);
        if (ec) 
        {
            std::cout << "> Error sending message: " << ec.message() << std::endl;
            std::string errorMessage = ec.message();
            return false;
        }
        std::cout << "发送数据成功" << std::endl;
    }

    return true;
}

connection_metadata::ptr WebsocketClient::GetConnectionMetadataPtr()
{
    return m_ConnectionMetadataPtr;
}

void WebsocketClient::OnOpen(client * c, websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl)
{
    if (m_OnOpenFunc != nullptr)
    {
        m_OnOpenFunc();
    }
}

void WebsocketClient::OnFail(client * c, websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl)
{
    if (m_OnFailFunc != nullptr)
    {
        m_OnFailFunc();
    }
}

void WebsocketClient::OnClose(client * c, websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl)
{
    if (m_OnCloseFunc != nullptr)
    {
        m_OnCloseFunc();
    }
}

void WebsocketClient::OnMessage(websocketpp::connection_hdl, client::message_ptr msg)
{
    if (msg->get_opcode() == websocketpp::frame::opcode::text)
    {
        std::string message = utf8_to_ansi(msg->get_payload());
        //std::cout << "收到来自服务器的消息：" << message << std::endl;

        if (m_MessageFunc != nullptr)
        {
            m_MessageFunc(message);
        }   
    }
    else
    {
        std::string message = websocketpp::utility::to_hex(msg->get_payload());
    }
}

void WebsocketClient::SetOnOpenFunc(OnOpenFunc func)
{
    m_OnOpenFunc = func;
}

void WebsocketClient::SetOnFailFunc(OnFailFunc func)
{
    m_OnFailFunc = func;
}

void WebsocketClient::SetOnCloseFunc(OnCloseFunc func)
{
    m_OnCloseFunc = func;
}

void WebsocketClient::SetMessageFunc(OnMessageFunc func)
{
    m_MessageFunc = func;
}

另外在应用该类的时候发现了一个Websocket++的一个问题：不能在Websocket连接完成之后马上就发送消息，不然会出现Invalid State的错误，导致消息发送不成功，所以在连接成功之后，主线程休眠1秒，这在代码中也有体现。

5 进一步升级的WebsocketClient类

更新于2023年9月7日，新版本WebsocketClient类代码变更如下：

更加简单，开箱即用
新增发送二进制数据到服务器的功能函数

websocket_client.h

#ifndef _WEBSOCKET_CLIENT_H_
#define _WEBSOCKET_CLIENT_H_

#include "websocketpp/config/asio_no_tls_client.hpp"
#include "websocketpp/client.hpp"

#include <string>

typedef websocketpp::client<websocketpp::config::asio_client> client;

class WebsocketClient
{
public:
    WebsocketClient();
    virtual~ WebsocketClient();

public:
    bool Connect(const std::string& ws_url);
    bool Close(const std::string& close_reason= "");

    bool SendTextToServer(const std::string& message);

    bool SendBinaryToServer(void* data, int data_length);

    void SendTextToServerUntilSuccess(const std::string& message);
    void SendBinaryToServerUntilSuccess(void* data, int data_length);

    bool Ping();

private:
    void OnSocketInit(websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl);
    void OnOpen(websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl);
    void OnMessage(websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl, client::message_ptr msg);
    void OnFail(websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl);
    void OnClose(websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl);


private:
    client m_end_point;
    websocketpp::lib::shared_ptr<websocketpp::lib::thread> m_thread_ptr;
    client::connection_ptr m_connection_ptr;
};

#endif // !_WEBSOCKET_CLIENT_H_

websocket_client.cpp

#include "websocket_client.h"

static std::string utf8_to_gbk(const std::string& utf8_str)
{
    int len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, utf8_str.c_str(), -1, NULL, 0);
    wchar_t* wszGBK = new wchar_t[len + 1];
    memset(wszGBK, 0, len * 2 + 2);
    MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, utf8_str.c_str(), -1, wszGBK, len);
    len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, wszGBK, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
    char* szGBK = new char[len + 1];
    memset(szGBK, 0, len + 1);
    WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, wszGBK, -1, szGBK, len, NULL, NULL);
    std::string strTemp(szGBK);
    if (wszGBK) delete[] wszGBK;
    if (szGBK) delete[] szGBK;
    return strTemp;
}

WebsocketClient::WebsocketClient()
    :m_thread_ptr(nullptr),
    m_connection_ptr(nullptr)
{
    m_end_point.clear_access_channels(websocketpp::log::alevel::all);
    m_end_point.clear_error_channels(websocketpp::log::elevel::all);

    m_end_point.init_asio();
    m_end_point.start_perpetual();

    m_thread_ptr.reset(new websocketpp::lib::thread(&client::run, &m_end_point));
}

WebsocketClient::~WebsocketClient()
{
    m_end_point.stop_perpetual();

    if (m_connection_ptr->get_state() == websocketpp::session::state::open ||
        m_connection_ptr->get_state() == websocketpp::session::state::connecting )
    {
        websocketpp::lib::error_code ec;
        m_end_point.close(m_connection_ptr->get_handle(), websocketpp::close::status::going_away, "", ec);
        if (ec)
        {
            std::cout << "websocket close is failed, the error message is : " << ec.message() << std::endl;
        }
    }

    m_thread_ptr->join();
    m_thread_ptr.reset();
    m_thread_ptr = nullptr;
}

bool WebsocketClient::Connect(const std::string& ws_url)
{
    websocketpp::lib::error_code ec;

    client::connection_ptr con = m_end_point.get_connection(ws_url, ec);
    if (ec) {
        std::cout << "connect to websocket server is failed, the error message is : " << ec.message() << std::endl;
        return false;
    }

    m_connection_ptr = con;

    // 设置各种消息的回调函数
    con->set_socket_init_handler(websocketpp::lib::bind(&WebsocketClient::OnSocketInit, this, websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_1));
    con->set_open_handler(websocketpp::lib::bind(&WebsocketClient::OnOpen, this, websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_1));
    con->set_fail_handler(websocketpp::lib::bind(&WebsocketClient::OnFail, this, websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_1));
    con->set_close_handler(websocketpp::lib::bind(&WebsocketClient::OnClose, this, websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_1));
    con->set_message_handler(websocketpp::lib::bind(&WebsocketClient::OnMessage, this, websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_1, websocketpp::lib::placeholders::_2));

    // 连接服务器
    m_end_point.connect(con);

    return true;
}

bool WebsocketClient::Close(const std::string& close_reason)
{
    if (m_connection_ptr == nullptr)
    {
        std::cout << "the websocket connection is nullptr" << std::endl;
        return false;
    }


    websocketpp::lib::error_code ec;

    m_end_point.close(m_connection_ptr->get_handle(), websocketpp::close::status::normal, close_reason, ec);
    if (ec)
    {
        std::cout << "websocket close is failed, the error message is : " << ec.message() << std::endl;
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

bool WebsocketClient::SendTextToServer(const std::string& message)
{   
    if (m_connection_ptr == nullptr)
    {
        std::cout << "websocket client send message failed, the connection is nullptr !" << std::endl;
        return false;
    }

    if (m_connection_ptr->get_state() == websocketpp::session::state::open)
    {
        websocketpp::lib::error_code ec;
        m_end_point.send(m_connection_ptr->get_handle(), message, websocketpp::frame::opcode::text, ec);
        if (ec)
        {
            std::cout << "websocket client send message failed, the error message is : " << ec.message() << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "websocket client send message failed, the websocket is not open" << std::endl;
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}


bool WebsocketClient::SendBinaryToServer(void* data, int data_length)
{
    if (m_connection_ptr == nullptr)
    {
        std::cout << "websocket client send message failed, the connection is nullptr !" << std::endl;
        return false;
    }

    if (m_connection_ptr->get_state() == websocketpp::session::state::open)
    {
        websocketpp::lib::error_code ec;
        m_end_point.send(m_connection_ptr->get_handle(), data, data_length, websocketpp::frame::opcode::binary, ec);
        if (ec)
        {
            std::cout << "websocket client send message failed, the error message is : " << ec.message() << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "websocket client send message failed, the websocket is not open" << std::endl;
        return false;
    }


    return true;
}

void WebsocketClient::SendTextToServerUntilSuccess(const std::string& message)
{
    bool send_state = false;
    do
    {
        send_state = SendTextToServer(message);
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1000));
    } while (!send_state);
}

void WebsocketClient::SendBinaryToServerUntilSuccess(void* data, int data_length)
{
    bool send_state = false;
    do
    {
        send_state = SendBinaryToServer(data, data_length);
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1000));
    } while (!send_state);
}

bool WebsocketClient::Ping()
{
    if (m_connection_ptr != nullptr)
    {
        websocketpp::lib::error_code ec;
        m_end_point.ping(m_connection_ptr->get_handle(), "ping", ec);
        if (ec)
        {
            std::cout << "websocket client ping failed, the error message is : " << ec.message() << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
    }

    return true;
}

void WebsocketClient::OnSocketInit(websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl)
{

}

void WebsocketClient::OnOpen(websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl)
{
    std::cout << "websocket连接open" << std::endl;
}

void WebsocketClient::OnMessage(websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl, client::message_ptr msg)
{
    std::cout << "服务器发送信息："<<utf8_to_gbk(msg->get_payload()) << std::endl;
}

void WebsocketClient::OnFail(websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl)
{
    client::connection_ptr con = m_end_point.get_con_from_hdl(hdl);

    int fail_local_close_code = con->get_local_close_code();
    std::string fail_local_close_reson = con->get_local_close_reason();
    int fail_remote_close_code = con->get_remote_close_code();
    std::string fail_remote_close_reason = con->get_remote_close_reason();
    std::string fail_message = con->get_ec().message();
    int fail_code = con->get_ec().value();

    std::cout << "failed code : " << fail_remote_close_code << " failed message : " << fail_message << std::endl;
}

void WebsocketClient::OnClose(websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl)
{
    client::connection_ptr con = m_end_point.get_con_from_hdl(hdl);

    int close_code = con->get_remote_close_code();
    std::string close_reason = con->get_remote_close_reason();

    std::cout << "close code : " << close_code << " close message : " << close_reason << std::endl;
}

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C++ – 使用Websocket++编写客户端连接WebSocket服务器并进行通信

1 库依赖

2 根据官方示例代码修改封装的WebsocketClient类

2.1 WebsocketClient代码

2.2 WebsocketClient类使用代码

3 Websocket++官方编写客户端示例教程

4 与Websocket++官方示例客户端的不同

5 进一步升级的WebsocketClient类

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